Archive for the ‘1997’ Category

c4i-pro Author Unknown

Friday, January 2nd, 2009

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>Date: Fri, 8 Aug 1997 00:04:03 -0500
>To: mahan@microwrks.com
>From: Tom Robison
>Subject: Re: c4i-pro Author Unknown
>Precendence: bulk
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>
>Bill Riddle wrote:
>
> > Here is a little sarcastic humor forwarded from the C4I-Pro list …
> >
> > THE BOOK OF JOINTNESS
> >
> >The generations of Command and Control Warfare, as told by the prophet
> >Toffler.
>
> >snip for brevity>
>LOL, Bill! As an employee of a major military electronics company, “The
>Book Of Jointness” sure hits home. I think the person who wrote that must
>be in the cubicle next to mine.
>
>What with all the wise men coming to “know” technology, I guess it’s true
>that every new system is a real bastard.
>
>
>Tom Robison
>Ossian, Indiana
>tcrobi@mindspring.com

Posted via email from mahan’s posterous

“monitor”

Friday, January 2nd, 2009

Date: Fri, 8 Aug 1997 11:33:17 -0700
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>To: consim-l@listserv.uni-c.dk
>From: Warren Bruhn
>Subject: “monitor”
>Cc: mahan@microwrks.com
>Precendence: bulk
>Sender: mahan-owner@microworks.net
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>
>
>Well, since others are not objecting to continuation of this “monitor”
>thread, I will jump back into it myself.
>
>I agree that the VERY LARGE guns that I proposed would not likely be needed
>for penetration of hardened targets. These guns would NEVER be built. Which
>is why my proposal for the “monitor” is practically speaking, a fantasy. I
>will come back to the idea of larger guns.
>
>Whether or not the Spuance class could have stood up to repeated service
>fireing of automated rapid fire 8″ guns is something of a moot point, as
>these ships have been worn out over 20+ years of hard service, and are
>slated for decommissioning. These ships were not subjected to the test of
>firing these guns for 10-15 years, so we will never know what problems might
>have developed. It would be economically wasteful to refit one of these
>ships as a gunfire support ship just to try the experiment.
>
>One response to the idea that the Spruance was not strong enough to handle
>long term use of such a gun reminded me so much of a Monty Python skit: “No
>it isn’t” “Yes it is!” “No it isn’t” “Yes it IS!!!” “No it isn’t!” “That
>isn’t an argument, that’s just a CONTRADICTION! An argument is a logical…”
>…. …. “no it isn’t” …
>
>I don’t think that there will ever be enough Ticos and Burkes to any of
>them, or their successors, for a gunfire support role, even if they were
>upgunned to some common 155mm calibre multi-purpose gun. They are too
>valuable in their AAW and ASW roles. The dwindling numbers of these ships
>means that even less time can be alloted for practice with amphibious
>operations, if any has been in the last 15+ years. With no Knox or Perry
>class frigates arround to take over subsidiary surface warfare duties, and
>the considerable number of CVs and other ships left to protect, figure the
>odds of an amphib warfare role for a CG or DDG.
>
>One phase in the thread surprised me, “cannot afford specialised ships”
>(pardon me if I didn’t quote it correctly). Virtually all the Navy’s ships
>specialize in some task. I won’t even begin to list them. The fact that
>there is some overlap in the capabilities of the Ticos and Burkes for AAW
>and ASW does not mean that a role of amphibious warfare should be thrust on
>them as well. They are not the right ships for the job.
>
>For some reason, we continue to have many large carriers. This means that
>the US is still in the power projection business. We also have many
>dedicated amphibs including LHAs and LPHs, along with the Marine corps,
>Seals, and Seebees to use them. So as of now, the US retains the ability to
>project war onto an enemy coast, though not, admittedly, a heavilly defended
>one. I would suggest that a cheaper, less capable, but specialised ship is a
>better solution.
>
>One of the reasons that I think the ship should be a specialized amphib is
>for reasons of attitudes in the surface fleet. When I served in an amphib
>group long ago, I was always amazed at the number of times that some sailor
>would grumble about wanting to get back to the “real navy”. I would respond
>that canoes carrying warriors had to be the oldest and most basic warship
>function in history. In a number of amphibious exercises, I never remember
>seeing a USN surface combatant practicing indirect fire proceedures and
>communications in support of an amphib exercise. (Wasn’t lucky enough to
>practice with the New Jersey, though it was in commission for part of my
>hitch.) I do remember Thai and Korean surface combatants, and a rocket
>support ship (Korean). Maybe things have improved in the last 15+ years
>since I was at sea, but I doubt it. If I were a Marine who was heading for
>the beach, I would consider indirect fire support from a bunch of haughty
>surface warfare types who only thought they knew what they were doing to be
>a very dubious benefit. There would be a significant chance under such
>conditions that “friendly” fire would take a sad toll on our own Marines.
>
>In order for our small numbers of ready amphib forces to be effective, there
>is no substitute for steady training as a team at specialized tasks. This
>means using specialized equipment and techniques. If we cannot afford the
>specialized ships and soldiers for amphibious warfare, then we cannot
>sustain the naval function.
>
>Big guns have important advantages over smaller ones. One can be range, that
>is, range without the added complexity of the booster rockets already
>mentioned. Another is payload. Another is inherent stability of shell in
>flight and thus greater long range accuracy. I realize that this is
>annecdotal, but I wonder if any of you has also read the bit from “Curahee,
>We Stand Alone” in which the 101st airborne trooper watches a naval gunfire
>observer make a single correction after spotting heavy shell round and lands
>the next shell directly on a German held building. If we could demolish
>strong buildings after even 2-3 spotting rounds with heavy shell, without
>laser guidance, that would surely be cheaper than all the complex electronic
>gizmos used in missles and guided projectiles.
>
>OK, I know it isn’t going to happen. So I will just drop it…
>
>I really like the ideas about that 155mm gun. During my time in the USN, the
>Marines were just getting their first 155mm artillery. My gator (LST 1186,
>USS Cayuga) carried its share of the Marine’s old 105mm. Was glad to see the
>Marines get a little more firepower. The 155mm may be a fair compromise size
>for a gun that has an AAW role, as many of you seem to want. The thing will
>get more expensive (probably exponentially) as capabilities of AAW, ASW, and
>gunfire support are all layered into it. But I can see why one would want
>more bang from the barrel.
>
>I must ask though, what happened to the 8″ gun that the army had (I don’t
>keep up on these things). I thought there were some 8″ howitzers and long 8″
>guns (which could deliver the tactical nukes). If there is an 8″ long gun
>still in service, it might be a fine size for a specialised gunfire support
>ship. Some faster fire capability, but larger size for greater payload,
>range, and accuracy. I wonder if the army still has a number of specialized
>8″ shells. The tac nuke option would probably not fit in an amphib senario,
>but what if…
>
>A disadvantage would be that if the automated loading machinery broke down,
>8″ is not a comfortable shell size for manual loading (for anybody but
>Arnold S.), so continuation of slower rates of fire with individually
>spotted rounds would be more difficult. Note: I assume breakdowns, having
>seen the way the military goes with low bidders and obsolete technology.
>
>I would not want to see these “gunboats” overloaded with complicated sensors
>and electronics. Keep them cheaper, simpler, and expendable, in the true
>amphib tradition. Don’t make them something that could be diverted to any
>significant surface warfare task. Surface warfare types might not mind a
>tour of duty on one of these amphibs too much, as the nostalgia for guns
>might make the tour fun. Don’t make the “gunboat” deep draft. It needs to
>operate on beaches, shallow coasts, and river environments. By keeping them
>from having surface warfare roles, excessive wear and hard use can be
>avoided. The cost of the specialised ship can be better justified if a long
>50 year service life can be planned from the start, with sufficient
>provision for spare parts in the initial build.
>
>With 155mm, a gunfire support ship could carry 3 mounts, or 2 with space for
>some other kind of ordnance launcher, such as a long fixed tube for rocket
>assisted guided projectiles (or whatever). With 8″, I could only imagine 2
>mounts. In either case the ship could be much smaller than my projection of
>10,000 tons plus.
>
>Warren Bruhn

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what’s up???

Friday, January 2nd, 2009

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>Date: Fri, 8 Aug 1997 16:55:44 -0400 (EDT)
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>To: mahan@microwrks.com
>From: rickt@cris.com (Eric Bergerud)
>Subject: Re: what’s up???
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>
> >To: Warren Bruhn
> >From: rickt@cris.com (Eric Bergerud)
> >Subject: Re: what’s up???
> >
> >I am on a number of other lists, and I am aquainted with list
> >>etiquette in general, but is there anything special that I should > know about
> >>Mahan???
> >>Warren Bruhn
> >
> >You must prove that you can properly pronounce Mahan’s name.
>Eric Bergerud, 531 Kains Ave, Albany CA 94706, 510-525-0930

Posted via email from mahan’s posterous

“monitor”

Friday, January 2nd, 2009

Date: Fri, 8 Aug 1997 16:31:37 -0700
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>To: swrctmo@iAmerica.net
>From: Warren Bruhn
>Subject: Re: “monitor”
>Cc: consim-l@listserv.uni-c.dk
>Precendence: bulk
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>
>
> >Your adherence to armor is traditional, …
>
>Hey, don’t pin the armor thing on me! I never said anything in support of
>armor. In my description of a fantasy monitor, I specifically said that the
>ship should not be armored. Other people have been writing about >armor, not me.
>
>I can’t disagree with any of the rest of what you said. Though I would not
>be surprised if we eventually had a 155mm calibre for ship guns. That idea
>is somebody else’s baby though. Let them defend the idea.
>
>Now, I will get back to the age of black powder where I belong. Just
>thinking about modern naval combat, with nukes, nasty chemicals that get in
>through exposed skin, and biological agents that incapacitate and lead to a
>slow and painful death gives me the shakes. Somehow, having my arm slashed
>off by a cutlass while a bit of grapeshot takes off half my face seems more
>pleasant.
>
>Warren Bruhn

Posted via email from mahan’s posterous

“monitor”

Friday, January 2nd, 2009

Date: Fri, 08 Aug 1997 18:03:01 -0700
>From: TMOliver
>Reply-To: swrctmo@iAmerica.net
>Organization: Kestrel/SWRC/Oliver
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>To: Warren Bruhn
>CC: consim-l@listserv.uni-c.dk, mahan@microwrks.com
>Subject: Re: “monitor”
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>
>Warren Bruhn wrote:
> >
> > Well, since others are not objecting to continuation of this “monitor”
> > thread, I will jump back into it myself.
> >
> > I agree that the VERY LARGE guns that I proposed would not likely be needed
> > for penetration of hardened targets. These guns would NEVER be built. Which
> > is why my proposal for the “monitor” is practically speaking, a > fantasy….(vast snipping)
>
>I’m convinced that we’re looped into a cart before the horse agument.
>Large naval guns were used for support of amphibious ops because the
>ships and guns already existed, having been developed for missions
>against other ships and a/c. Aside from the BBs which had very limited
>mission capability (and no other BBs to shoot at very often), NGFS was a
>”collateral” assignment.
>
>Guns were used because guns existed.
>
>The development of the naval gun mature (even gray-headed) by the WWII
>era even with its succeeding large bore AAW manifestations represents
>technology on the back side of the power curve, and is always subject
>to a near-finite limitation, the destructive power of warheads limited
>by small size, thick casings (to provide for pressure/velocity
>protection), and relatively tiny detonating charges.
>
>In over 90% of its historic NGFS applications, range was of minimal
>consideration. Most shoots were “within the horizon”, with many even
>for small boys at “point blank” range. Extended range applications are
>certainly possible (and exist today), but 2000lb projectile with a tiny
>bursting charge and no terminal guidance represents little more than a
>big bang. Over 55 years ago, the Japanese found an optimum use for
>those “big” projectiles. Dropped from a/c, they were hell on the deck
>armor of old BBs (and given fins a great deal more accurate than when
>fired).
>
>As for the comparison of 5″ (127mm), 6″ (155mm) or even 8″ guns, the 8″
>will never more exist, and the 6′ offers no substantial quantitative or
>qualitative advantages over existing 5″ guns in US Naval service, a sort
>of “Why reinvent the wheel?” equation.
>
>In the US Army inventory, the “big guns’, 8” and 240mm, have been
>replaced by long ranged, more mobile, faster firing, easier to supply
>155mm models, both tracked and towed, and the MRLS launchers and their
>ubiquitous companions in other armies(all a great deal better than
>Congreve’s rockets, Stalin organs, Nebelwerfers and Korean LSMRs).
>
>Given a mission of demonstrably low priority (neither the Navy, JCs and
>Congress are enamored of it), minimal if any budget allocations today or
>in the future (unless there’s a drawn out shooting war), and likely to
>only be addressed by some “make-do” adaptations and combinations of
>”off-the-shelf” equipment and available vehicles, I wish you would put
>your talented mind to a realistic project. Parameters for such might
>include “bolt-ons” to current amphib ships to provide NGFS or the
>adaptation of existing smaller hulls of other types (such as my oil
>field service craft or the current generation of MCM vessels).
>
>The retired Sprucan concept (ahh, the “sizzle” inherent calling them
>APDs to get the votes of old guys) overlooks a critical
>financial/political consideration. If the Navy can’t afford to
>modernize them and operate them as surface combatants, it’s not likely
>to spend a dollar reconfiguring and paying the operating costs to use
>them as glamorized ferries for elite assault troops.
>
>But back to the cart before the horse.
>
>A substantial expenditure for the development of a ship optimized for
>NGFS support implies that anybody inside the Beltway (or in the Fleet)
>realistically envisions an opposed landing across a beach or any sort of
>operation against a coastline defended in depth by modern weapons
>systems unless the threat of such opposition has been largely
>eliminated.
>
>I’m no fan of carriers having lived and served long in one (as a black
>shoe), but the inherent and inescapable difference remains. 100 or even
>200 miles at sea, a carrier can still perform its mission with the
>limitation of reduced weapons loads on strike a/c. The ship can refuel,
>rearm, operate and defend itself (with the help of its entourage). To
>be effective in the NGFS role, any vessel must be able operate inshore,
>well within the response area of numerous enemy weapons systems. Some
>at least token comprehension of the risk factors involved should make it
>clear that even an old Sprucan might be to high-priced to risk (Now, one
>of those museum, Greek, Turkish or Taiwanese Gearings might make a
>different story.). It must emerge to the open sea to rearm and refuel
>(more often than you think), substantially diminishing the time it may
>spend on station.
>
>As for your comment about the 2nd round falling on the target…
>Even a blind pig is gonna find an acorn now and then.
>
>Your adherence to armor is traditional, but armor represents another
>descending footpath leading to the same dead end as the trail of big
>naval guns. We ain’t figured out how to armor sensors or to conduct
>modern naval warfare without electronic communications. Without them,
>any ship is dead on arrival, and they are just as vulnerable on an
>armored vessel as they are on a barge.
>
>Could it be that a significant factor in the development of early gators
>was not just the ability to beach but a pragnatic desire not to put too
>many eggs in any one basket? Our current amphibs are certainly not
>designed to close the beach.
>
>–
>Far too long for a sig, but personally compelling….
>Having been to see the elephant, contemplated the impermanence of
>existence, gazed upon the Apocalypse, and smelled Death’s rotting
>breath close at hand, I seize my rewards from the simplest of
>pleasures….
>The gentle rip of surf on sand, the cool, musty bite of a well-brewed
>ale, the briny tang imparted by a fresh oyster, the dark heart of
>carefully aged whisky, the incomparable savor of the first slash of rare
>beef, the aggressive impact of a powerful pinot, Summer’s first real
>tomato, the smoky complex fire of chipotle sauce, the combined reek
>gunpowder and working dogs across an Autumn pasture, the blessed
>combination of green chile and tomatillo, the ectasy of lump or backfin
>crabmeat (from blues), fresh Gulf Snapper or the season’s first inshore
>shrimp, all prepared with Spartan simplicity, the secret glimpse of a
>shadowed nipple within the gap of a loose blouse, the “Scent of a
>Woman”(not the movie, the experience), the astringent bite of
>lime-dosed gin and tonic in a tropical twilight, the lung-filling tingle
>of the first drag on a post-coital Camel, smoked salmon and a good
>Sunday newspaper….among these are found ample joys to counter
>inevitable misfortune and grief. Oliver Sends/OPIMMEDIATE

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I.N.S. Dakar

Friday, January 2nd, 2009

Date: Sat, 09 Aug 1997 00:58:30 EST
>From: EDWARD WITTENBERG
>To: MARHST-L@POST.QUEENSU.CA, MAHAN@MICROWRKS.COM
>CC: wew@papa.uncp.edu
>Subject: I.N.S. Dakar
>Precendence: bulk
>Sender: mahan-owner@microworks.net
>Resent-From:
>Resent-Date: Fri, 8 Aug 97 22:00:15 EST
>Resent-To: dave@openlines.com
>X-Status:
>
>The following excerpt is taken from World Maritime News –
> Steve Schultz (sschultz@execpc.com), Ed.
>
> >U.S. Navy’s NR-1 searching for Israeli submarine missing almost 30
>years
>
> The U.S. Navy’s nuclear research submarine NR-1 has spent
> the last three weeks searching for an Israeli Navy attack
> submarine that sank off Egypt in January 1968. The search is
> reportedly outside Egyptian territorial waters, but with the
> cooperation of the Egyptian government. The NR-1 has been
> searching for the I.N.S. Dakar, originally the British Royal Navy’s
> H.M.S. Totem, built in 1944. Israel bought two submarines,
> including the H.M.S. Totem, in June 1965. On 9 Jan., 1968, the
> I.N.S. Dakar sailed from Portsmouth, England, for Haifa, Israel,
> with 69 crewmembers. On 24 Jan., south of Crete, Greece, the
> I.N.S. Dakar radioed the Israeli Navy headquarters, seeking
> permission to dock early. The request was denied and it never
> arrived. On 4 Feb., the I.N.S. Dakar was declared sunk and its
> crew missing. On 9 Feb., 1969, the submarine’s emergency buoy
> was found by a fisherman off Khan Yunis in Gaza. The NR-1 is
> operating from the Carolyn Chouest (U.S.-registry 2,110-dwt
> offshore supply vessel built in 1994), chartered from Edison
> Chouest Offshore Inc. This is the second major search for the
> I.N.S. Dakar since it was listed as missing. In 1986, Israel and the
> United States sought the submarine during Operation Challenge
> Express. >
>
>I am not sure, but I think this incident was the inspiration for Dr.
>Robert D. Ballard’s book _BRIGHT SHARK_, which deals with the sinking
>of an Israeli submarine in the Aegean. The submarine was engaged in
>transporting Russian Jews to Israel, in addition to certain military
>supplies that Israel had obtained from the Soviet Union. In the book,
>the Israeli government pulled out all the stops to ensure that no
>information was retrieved from the wreckage by the American
>oceanographers which discovered her.
>
>Edward Wittenberg
>wew@papa.uncp.edu

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Movie – G.I. JANE – mini review.

Friday, January 2nd, 2009

Date: Sat, 9 Aug 1997 23:12:13 -0700 (PDT)
>From: Tracy Johnson
>To: CONSIM-L
>cc: Justin Thyme — David Petersen ,
> Jonathan Albin , John Laska ,
> Mike Terrell , JT X2 ,
> Bill Case ,
> Tracy Johnson , MAHAN-L > ,
> CTOC Karen Bueling
>Subject: Movie – G.I. JANE – mini review.
>Precendence: bulk
>Sender: mahan-owner@microworks.net
>Resent-From:
>Resent-Date: Sat, 9 Aug 97 23:14:29 EST
>Resent-To: dave@openlines.com
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>
>During my reserve weekend in San Diego tonight a few of us reservists went
>to see G.I Jane. (We were one O-3, one E-8, 3 E-6s, two females, 3
>males). It was an interesting (but formula) movie on the perils of female
>participation in combat training at the Navy Specwar School. Demi Moore is
>the herione.
>
>Some political overtones, (Anne Bancroft as a Senator.) Lots of
>semi-violent action/combat scenes, much “in-your-face” shouting. One nude
>scene from the back. One final combat finale. (I won’t post results and
>spoil the ending.) Also some poetic quotations to titulate the
>pseudo-intellectuals.
>
>As reservists we all got some laughs. Some Navy Seals in attendance (you
>could tell by their T-shirt emblems and short hair cuts, and this was a
>special showing in San Diego, after all) were humored enough to chuckle
>out loud.
>
>There was also a ‘notable quotable’, which one female in my unit in
>attendance is saving, for later. Possibly to use on our Commanding
>Officer, “SMD!”
>
>Tracy Johnson
>tjohnson@adnetsol.com
>”Semper Pollus”
> ADC-2239-5531

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I.N.S. Dakar

Friday, January 2nd, 2009

Date: Sat, 9 Aug 1997 22:45:03 +0100
>To: mahan@microwrks.com
>From: “Floyd B. Mack”
>Subject: Re: I.N.S. Dakar
>X-Mailer: Turnpike Version 3.01
>Precendence: bulk
>Sender: mahan-owner@microworks.net
>Resent-From:
>Resent-Date: Sun, 10 Aug 97 06:05:24 EST
>Resent-To: dave@openlines.com
>
>This came up from the depths:
> > This is the second major search for the
> > I.N.S. Dakar since it was listed as missing. In 1986, Israel and the
> > United States sought the submarine during Operation Challenge
> > Express. > >
> >
> > In the book,
> >the Israeli government pulled out all the stops to ensure that no
> >information was retrieved from the wreckage by the American
> >oceanographers which discovered her.
> >
> >Edward Wittenberg
> >wew@papa.uncp.edu
> >
>
>Edward,
>
>If the submarine has/had been discovered, why is there a search for her?
>
>Cheers,
>Floyd B. Mack
>Southern Yankee in Britain

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New T-B’s, QM and Southampton

Friday, January 2nd, 2009

Date: Sun, 10 Aug 1997 09:46:32 +0100
>To: liners@majordomo.pobox.com
>From: Ron Streater
>Subject: New T-B’s, QM and Southampton
>X-Mailer: Turnpike Version 3.03a
>Precendence: bulk
>Sender: mahan-owner@microworks.net
>Resent-From:
>Resent-Date: Sun, 10 Aug 97 02:21:40 EST
>Resent-To: dave@openlines.com
>X-Status:
>
>Hi all
>
>Thanks for all nice comments about my web page.
>
>Have just posted 5 more Talbot-Booth original drawings from the 1930’s
>
>Caledonia
>Duchess of Atholl
>Empress of Britain
>Esperance Bay
>Highland Patriot
>
>plus scans of:
>
>Queen Mary Docking
>
>and
>
>Two aerial shots of Southampton taken in the big dock strike – more
>liners than you can shake a sticks at. Not a Miami house full of cruise
>hotels but a port full of ships. Sorry cruise fans.
>
>Ron
>
>–
>Ron Streater, Jasmine Lodge,
>jasmine@junk1234.demon.co.uk 1 Highfield Close,
>http://www.junk1234.demon.co.uk Blean,
>Telephone: 01227-780259 Canterbury, Kent,
>Fax: 01227-780259 CT2 9DX,
>Mobile: 0402-227270 U.K.

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I.N.S. Dakar

Friday, January 2nd, 2009

Date: Sun, 10 Aug 1997 10:04:30 EST
>From: EDWARD WITTENBERG
>To: MAHAN@MICROWRKS.COM
>CC: wew@papa.uncp.edu
>Subject: RE: I.N.S. Dakar
>Precendence: bulk
>Sender: mahan-owner@microworks.net
>Resent-From:
>Resent-Date: Sun, 10 Aug 97 07:06:47 EST
>Resent-To: dave@openlines.com
>
>FLOYD B. MACK wrote:
>
> >This came up from the depths:
> >> This is the second major search for the
> >> I.N.S. Dakar since it was listed as missing. In 1986, Israel and the
> >> United States sought the submarine during Operation Challenge
> >> Express. > >>
> >>
> >>In the book,
> >>the Israeli government pulled out all the stops to ensure that no
> >>information was retrieved from the wreckage by the American
> >>oceanographers which discovered her.
> >>
> >>Edward Wittenberg
> >>wew@papa.uncp.edu
> >>
> >
> >Edward,
> >
> >If the submarine has/had been discovered, why is there a search for
> >her?
>
> >Cheers,
> >Floyd B. Mack
> >Southern Yankee in Britain
>
>Floyd,
>
> Dr. Ballard’s _BRIGHT SHARK_ is a work of fiction. Ballard uses
>the story of the DAKAR as the basis for his novel (his first, by the
>way). In the book, the sub was engaged in transporting Russian Jews to
>Israel, in addition to certain ‘speical’ military supplies that Israel had
>obtained from the Soviet Union. When American oceanographers discover
>her, the Israeli government pulls out all the stops to ensure that no
>information can be retrieved from the wreckage.
>
>Edward Wittenberg
>wew@papa.uncp.edu

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The Mahan Naval Discussion List hosted here at NavalStrategy.org is to foster discussion and debate on the relevance of Admiral Alfred Thayer Mahan's ideas on the importance of sea power influenced navies around the world.
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